Content- and Context-Aware Opportunistic Cellular Communications in Device-Centric Wireless Networks

Device-centric wireless networks, including Deviceto- Device communications and Multi-hop Cellular Networks, are expected to be a relevant component of future 5G wireless networks. Traditionally, opportunistic networking has been proposed for disconnected networks that cannot always reliably ensure real-time end-to-end connections. However, previous studies have demonstrated that opportunistic schemes can also be utilized in connected networks to improve their efficiency by intelligently exploiting context- and content-awareness. In this context, this paper proposes and evaluates a mechanism to select the adequate configuration of opportunistic cellular communications in single-hop and multi-hop cellular networks. To this aim, the mechanism probabilistically identifies for each communications mode the adequate times for cellular transmissions to take place in order to reduce the cellular channel occupancy and improve its capacity. The obtained results show that the proposed scheme reduces the channel occupancy of cellular transmissions for delay-tolerant information by up to 70% compared to conventional single-hop cellular communication

Opportunistic Networking for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Multi-Hop Cellular Networks

Relaying technologies can help address the capacity and energy-efficiency challenges faced by cellular networks as a result of the rapid increase in mobile data consumption. A nonnegligible portion of such consumption corresponds to delay tolerant services. This delay tolerance offers the possibility for opportunistic networking to exploit contact opportunities between mobile devices in order to reduce the impact of data traffic on the cellular capacity and energy-efficiency without sacrificing the end-user quality of service. In this context, this paper investigates the use of opportunistic forwarding in MCNMR (Multi-hop Cellular Networks with Mobile Relays) to reduce energy consumption in the case of delay tolerant services. The study proposes to exploit context information provided at a low cost by the cellular infrastructure to efficiently select the forwarding node in a two-hop MCN-MR scenario. The proposed solution results in significant energy savings compared to traditional single-hop cellular communications and other forwarding solutions reported in the literatureThis work is supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds (TEC201126109),and the Local Government of Valencia with reference ACIF/2010/161 and BEFPI/2012/06

Justificación filosófica de la educación en valores éticos y cívicos en la educación formal. Análisis crítico de la LOMCE

En este trabajo partimos de los planteamientos de la nueva LOMCE para remontarnos al sentido y justificación filosófica de cada uno de los valores éticos que a nuestro juicio han de ser atendidos en la educación como ejes vertebradores de la misma. En primer lugar llamamos la atención sobre algunas contradicciones en la nueva LOMCE. Posteriormente exploramos el fundamento filosófico de los valores éticos en la educación. Para ello proponemos el enfoque hermenéutico para desentrañar los valores éticos. Es en el tercero y más extenso apartado donde ahondamos en el fundamento filosófico de los diferentes valores éticos en los que a nuestro juicio debe basarse una educación que busque la formación cívica y el pleno desarrollo de la personalidad humana, tal como se defiende en textos constitucionales y en las declaraciones internacionales de derechos fundamentales

Store, carry and forward for energy efficiency in multi-hop cellular networks with mobile relays

Abstract The wide scale adoption of smartphones is boosting cellular data traffic with the consequent capacity constraints of cellular systems and increase in energy consumption. A significant portion of cellular data traffic can be deemed as delay tolerant. Such tolerance offers possibilities for designing novel communications and networking solutions that can accommodate the delay tolerant cellular data traffic while reducing their impact on the overall cellular capacity and energy consumption. In this context, this work studies the use of opportunistic store, carry and forward techniques in Multi-Hop Cellular Networks (MCN) to reduce energy consumption for delay tolerant traffic. The study focuses on two-hop MCN networks using mobile relays (MCN-MR), and identifies the optimum mobile relay location and the location from which the relay should start forwarding the information to the cellular base station in order to minimize the overall energy consumption. The study shows that the use of opportunistic store, carry and forward techniques in MCN-MR can significantly reduce energy consumption compared to other solutions, including traditional single-hop cellular systems or direct contact store, carry and forward solutions.This work is supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds (TEC2011–26109)and the Local Government of Valencia with reference ACIF/2010/161 and BEFPI/2012/06

Sensing-Based Grant-Free Scheduling for Ultra Reliable Low Latency and Deterministic Beyond 5G Networks

5G and beyond networks should efficiently support services with stringent and diverse QoS requirements. This includes services for verticals that demand Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC). Scheduling strongly impacts the communication latency, and 5G NR introduces grant-free scheduling to reduce the latency at the radio level. Grant-free scheduling can use shared resources and the transmission of K replicas per packet to increase the packet delivery ratio and efficiently utilize the spectrum. Previous studies have shown that existing 5G NR grant-free scheduling has limitations to sustain URLLC requirements for aperiodic (or uncertain) and deterministic traffic that is characteristic of verticals such as Industry 4.0 or manufacturing. In this context, this paper proposes and evaluates a novel grant-free scheduling scheme that can efficiently support deterministic and aperiodic uplink traffic. The scheme avoids packet collisions among UEs sharing resources using a priority-based contention resolution process that relies on the transmission of announcement messages in minislots and a local channel sensing process. This study demonstrates that the proposed sensing-based grant-free scheduling scheme outperforms current 5G NR grant-free scheduling implementations, and can support a higher number of UEs with URLLC and deterministic requirements with a considerably lower number of radio resources.This work has been funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 through the project PID2020-115576RB-I00and FSE funds through the grant PRE2018-084743,the Generalitat Valenciana through the project CIGE/2021/096,by a research grant awarded by the Vicerrectorado de Investigación of the UMH (2022)

Mode Selection for 5G Heterogeneous and Opportunistic Networks

5G and beyond networks will offer multiple communication modes including device-to-device and multi-hop cellular (or UE-to-network relay) communications. Several studies have shown that these modes can signi_cantly improve the Quality of Service (QoS), the spectrum and energy ef_ciency, and the network capacity. Recent studies have demonstrated that further gains can be achieved when integrating demand-driven opportunistic networking into Multi-Hop Cellular Networks (MCN). In opportunistic MCN connections, devices can exploit the delay tolerance of many mobile data services to search for the most ef_cient connections between nodes. The availability of multiple communication modes requires mode selection schemes capable to decide the optimum mode for each transmission. Mode selection schemes have been previously proposed to account for the introduction of D2D and MCN. However, existing mode selection schemes cannot integrate opportunistic MCN connections into the selection process. This paper advances the state of the art by proposing the _rst mode selection scheme capable to integrate opportunistic MCN communications within 5G and beyond networks. The conducted analysis demonstrates the potential of opportunistic MCN communications, and the capability of the proposed mode selection scheme to select the most adequate communication mode.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, AEI, and FEDER funds under Grant TEC2017-88612-RGrant TEC2014-57146-Rand in part by the Generalitat Valenciana under Grant GV/2016/049

Neighbor discovery for industrial wireless sensor networks with mobile nodes

Industrial wireless sensor networks can facilitate the deployment of a wide range of novel industrial applications, including mobile applications that connect mobile robots, vehicles, goods and workers to industrial networks. Current industrial wireless sensor standards have been mainly designed for static deployments, and their performance significantly degrades when introducing mobile devices. One of the major reasons for such degradation is the neighbor discovery process. This paper presents and evaluates two novel neighbor discovery protocols that improve the capability of mobile devices to remain connected to the industrial wireless sensor networks as they move. The proposed protocols exploit topology information and the nature of devices (static or mobile) to reliably and rapidly discover neighbor devices. This is achieved in some cases at the expense of increasing the number of radio resources utilized and the energy consumed in the discovery process. The proposed solutions have been designed and evaluated considering the WirelessHART standard given its widespread industrial adoption. However, they can also be adapted for the ISA100.11a and IEEE 802.15.4e standards.This work was supported in part by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER funds under the project TEC2014-57146-Rby the Local Government of Valencia with reference ACIF/2013/060 and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 723909 (AUTOWARE project)

Context-based Broadcast Acknowledgement for Enhanced Reliability of Cooperative V2X Messages

Most V2X applications/services are supported by the continuous exchange of broadcast messages. One of the main challenges is to increase the reliability of broadcast transmissions that lack of mechanisms to assure the correct delivery of the messages. To address this issue, one option is the use of acknowledgments. However, this option has scalability issues when applied to broadcast transmissions because multiple vehicles can transmit acknowledgments simultaneously. To control scalability while addressing reliability of broadcast messages, this paper proposes and evaluates a context-based broadcast acknowledgement mechanism where the transmitting vehicles selectively request the acknowledgment of specific/critical broadcast messages, and performs retransmissions if they are not correctly received. In addition, the V2X applications/services identify the situations/conditions that trigger the execution of the broadcast acknowledgment mechanism, and the receiver(s) that should acknowledge the broadcast messages. The paper evaluates the performance of the context-based broadcast acknowledgment mechanism for a Collective Perception Service. The obtained results show the proposed mechanism can contribute to improve the awareness of crossing pedestrians at intersections by increasing the reliability in the exchange of CPM messages between vehicles approaching the intersection. This solution is being discussed under IEEE 802.11bd, and thus can be relevant for the standardization process.10.13039/501100000780-European Commission;10.13039/501100007170-Ministry of Econom

Justification philosophique de l’éducation des valeurs éthiques et civiques dans l’éducation formelle. Analyse critique de la LOMCE

In this paper we start with the approach of the new LOMCE in order to go back to the philosophical justification of each ethical value that we believe should be addressed in education as its backbones. First, we focus on some contradictions in the new LOMCE. Later, we explore the philosophical foundation of ethical values in education. We propose the hermeneutical approach to unravel the ethical values. In the third and most extensive section we delve into the philosophical basis of different ethical values on which we believe education should be based resulting in civic education and the full development of the human personality, according to the Spanish Constitution and Human Rights Declaration.En este trabajo partimos de los planteamientos de la nueva LOMCE para remontarnos al sentido y justificación filosófica de cada uno de los valores éticos que a nuestro juicio han de ser atendidos en la educación como ejes vertebradores de la misma. En primer lugar, llamamos la atención sobre algunas contradicciones en la nueva LOMCE. Posteriormente, exploramos el fundamento filosófico de los valores éticos en la educación. Para ello proponemos el enfoque hermenéutico para desentrañar los valores éticos. Es en el tercero y más extenso apartado donde ahondamos en el fundamento filosófico de los diferentes valores éticos en los que a nuestro juicio debe basarse una educación que busque la formación cívica y el pleno desarrollo de la personalidad humana, tal como se defiende en textos constitucionales y en las declaraciones internacionales de derechos fundamentales./n Dans cet article, nous nous basons sur l’approche de la nouvelle LOMCE pour revenir au sens et à la justification philosophique de chacune des valeurs éthiques qui, selon nous, doivent être traitées dans l’éducation comme éléments unificateurs de celle-ci. Dans un premier temps, nous nous concentrons sur les contradictions dans la nouvelle LOMCE. Ensuite, nous explorons le fondement philosophique des valeurs éthiques dans l’éducation. A cet effet, nous proposons l’approche herméneutique pour distinguer les valeurs éthiques. Finalement, dans un troisième temps, nous traitons amplement de la base philosophique des différentes valeurs éthiques sur lesquelles devrait être fondée, à notre sens, une éducation qui préconise la formation civique et le plein épanouissement de la personnalité humaine, conformément à la Constitution espagnole et à la Déclaration des droits de l’homme./n

Latency-Sensitive 5G RAN Slicing for Industry 4.0

Network slicing is a novel 5G paradigm that exploits the virtualization and softwarization of networks to create different logical network instances over a common network infrastructure. Each instance is tailored for specific Quality of Service (QoS) profiles so that network slicing can simultaneously support several services with diverse requirements. Network slicing can be applied at the Core Network or at the Radio Access Network (RAN). RAN slicing is particularly relevant to support latency-sensitive or timecritical applications since the RAN accounts for a significant part of the end-to-end transmission latency. In this context, this study proposes a novel latency-sensitive 5G RAN slicing solution. The proposal includes schemes to design slices and partition (or allocate) radio resources among slices. These schemes are designed with the objective to satisfy both the rate and latency demands of diverse applications. In particular, this study considers applications with deterministic aperiodic, deterministic periodic and nondeterministic traffic. The latency-sensitive 5G RAN slicing proposal is evaluated in Industry 4.0 scenarios where stringent and/or deterministic latency requirements are common. However, it can be evolved to support other verticals with latency-sensitive or time-critical applicationsThis work has been funded by the European Commission through the FoF-RIA Project AUTOWARE: Wireless Autonomous, Reliable and Resilient Production Operation Architecture for Cognitive Manufacturing (No. 723909),and the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, AEI, and FEDER funds (TEC2017-88612-R)